function LoadHtml(theid, thehtml){ //obtain a reference to the

element in the page myDiv = document.getElementById(theid); // display the HTML output myDiv.innerHTML = thehtml; } function ShowEnglish(){ html = "

English to Japanese Glossary

\n"; LoadHtml("quickSummary", html) html="

Here is a general list of common terms used in Martial Arts," html +=" Karate, and of course Wado Ki Kai. These terms have been defined as" html +=" they pertain to our style.

\n"; html +="

\n"; html +="

\n"; LoadHtml("preamble",html) //LoadHtml("button",html) html ="

Class Procedures
\n"; html +="Blocks
\n"; html +="Strikes
\n"; html +="Punches
\n"; html +="Stances
\n"; html +="Kicks
\n"; html +="Parts of Body
\n"; html +="Numbers
\n"; html +="Weapons
\n"; html +="Wado Ki Kai Kata's
\n"; html +="Shinko Kata's
\n"; html +="

\n"; html +="

\n"; LoadHtml("explanation",html) html = "

A | B |\n"; html +="C | D |\n"; html +="E | F |\n"; html +="G | H |\n"; html +="I | J |\n"; html +="K | L |\n"; html +="M | N |\n"; html +="O | P |\n"; html +="Q | R |\n"; html +="S | T |\n"; html +="U | V |\n"; html +="W | X |\n"; html +="Y | Z

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Arch Block	KO UKE or\n"; html +=" KAKUTO UKE	also known as Crane Block
Attention	KI-O-TSUKE	Attention stance with hands (open) down at side of legs.
Attention stance	MUSUBI DACHI	Stand with feet pointed slightly outward and heels touching.
Augmented Block	MOROTE UKE	One arm and fist supports the other arm in a block. \n"; html +=" Fist is placed on blocking arms inside forearm with fist \n"; html +=" palm up.
Back of the hand strike	HAISHU UCHI	Hand is open like knife edge, or spear hand, strike with back of hand.
Back of the hand block	HAISHU UKE	Hand is open like knife edge, or spear hand, strike with back of hand.
Back-fist (Vertical) attack	TATE URAKEN UCHI
Back Knuckle	URAKEN
Back Kick	USHIRO GERI
Back Stance	KOKUTSU DACHI	A stance which has most of the weight to the back
Basic techniques	KIHON	Something which is fundamental like front stance or front punch
Basic technique forms	SHINKO-KATA	These are the basic techniques which accompany each kata.
Bear hand	KUMADE
Begin	HAJIME	A command given to start a given drill, Kata, or Kumite.
Black belt holder (any rank)	YUDANSHA
Black Belt rank	DAN
Belt	OBI
Block	UKE	literal translation is reciever, can also mean partner to is counter attacked.
Body movement/shifting	TAI SABAKI
Bow	REI	A method of showing respect in Japanese culture is \n"; html +=" the Bow. It is proper for the junior person bows lower \n"; html +=" than the senior person.
Breakfall techniques	UKEMI WAZA
Bull Strike	SEIRYUTO	A hand technique delivered with the base of the hand
Cat Stance	NEKO ASHI DACHI
Circular Elbow Strike	MAWASHI EMPI UCHI or\n"; html +=" MAWASHI HIJI ATE
Contact	ATTATE IRU
Covered hand "ready" position	HORAN NO KAMAE	A "ready" position used in some KATA where the fist \n"; html +=" in covered by the other hand. Jion, Potsai dai.
Crane Block	KO UKE or \n"; html +=" KAKUTO UKE	also known as arch block
Crane Stance	TSURU ASHI DACHI
Crane Stance	GANKAKU DACHI sometimes as\n"; html +=" TSURU ASHI DACHI and\n"; html +=" SAGI ASHI DACHI
Crescent Kick	MIKAZUKI GERI
Crossed-Leg Stance	KOSA DACHI
Degree	DAN or \n"; html +=" KYU
A Double arm block	MANJI UKE	where one arm executes GEDAN BARAI to one side, \n"; html +=" while the other arm executes JODAN UCHI UKE (or JODAN \n"; html +=" SOTO YOKO TE).
Double Kick	NIDAN GERI
Downward Block	GEDAN BARAI
Edge of foot	SOKUTO	This term is often used to refer to the side thrust \n"; html +=" kick
Elbow	HIJI or\n"; html +=" Empi
elbow block	HIJI UKE
elbow strike	HIJI-ATE or\n"; html +=" EMPI-UCHI or HIJI ATEMI \n"; html +="	\n"; html +="
elbow strike by dropping the elbow	OTOSHI EMPI UCHI or\n"; html +=" OTOSHI HIJI ATE
elbow to the side	YOKO MAWASHI EMPI UCHI \n"; html +="	\n"; html +="
Empty Hand	KARATE	When Karate was first introduced to Japan, it was \n"; html +=" called "TODE". The characters of TODE could be \n"; html +=" pronounced. However, the meaning of TODE is Chinese Hand.
Fighting stance \n"; html +="	\n"; html +="	KAMAE	A posture either with or without a weapon.
Fighting Stance (Ready)	KAMAE-TE	A command given by the instructor for students to get into position. \n"; html +="	\n"; html +="
Fist	KEN
Flying Side Kick	YOKO TOBI GERI
Focus of Power	KIME
Follow through	ZANSHIN
Foot Sweep	ASHI BARAI
Forearm Block (Inside)	UCHI (UDE) UKE
Forearm Block (Low)	GEDAN UDE UKE
Forefinger Knuckle	HITOSASHI IPPON KEN	This is technique is used in Sesan ( double \n"; html +=" Hitosashi ippon ken )
Forefist	SEIKEN
Form	KATA	prescribed pattern of movement
Forward Stance	ZENKUTSU DACHI
Forward	ZENSHIN
Forward Elbow Strike	MAE EMPI
Forward fall/roll	MAE UKEMI
Free Sparring	JIYU KUMITE
Front	SHOMEN	or top of head, Also the designated front of a Dojo \n"; html +="	\n"; html +="
Front	MAE
Front leg	MAE ASHI GERI
Front Snap Kick	MAE GERI KEAGE or\n"; html +=" MAE KEAGE
Front Thrust Kick	MAE GERI KEKOMI or\n"; html +=" MAE KEKOMI
Grappling skills \n"; html +="	\n"; html +="	TUITE
Gym	DOJO	Literally "place of the Way." Also "place of \n"; html +=" enlightenment." The place where we practice Karate. \n"; html +=" Traditional etiquette prescribes bowing in the direction \n"; html +=" of the designated front of the dojo (SHOMEN) whenever \n"; html +=" entering or leaving the dojo. \n"; html +="
Half-Moon Stance \n"; html +="	HANGETSU DACHI
Hammer Fist Strike	TETTSUI UCHI or\n"; html +=" KENTSUI UCHI
Hammer Fist	KENTSUI or\n"; html +=" TETTSUI
Healing	KAPPO	Techniques of resuscitating people who have \n"; html +=" succumbed to a shock to the nervous system.
Hidden techniques	KAKUSHI WAZA
Hook Block	KAKE-TE
Hook Punch	KAGI ZUKI
Horse Stance	KIBA DACHI or\n"; html +=" NAIFANCHI or\n"; html +=" NAIHANCHI DACHI
Hour-glass Stance	SANCHIN DACHI
Immovable Stance	SOCHIN DACHI or FUDO DACHI
Informal attention stance	HEISOKU DACHI	informal. Feet are together and pointed straight forward.
Inside Roundhouse Kick	UCHI MAWASHI GERI
Jab Punch	KIZAMI ZUKI
Joined Hand Block	AWASE UKE
Jump Kick	TOBI GERI
Junior student	KOHAI	A student junior to oneself.
Interpretation (of kata)	BUNKAI	A study of the techniques and applications in KATA.
kata pattern	EMBUSEN	Floor pattern of a given kata.
Kick	GERI
Knee Kick	HIZA GERI
knee block	HIZA UKE	A blocking action using the knee.
Kneeling position	SEIZA	Sitting on one's knees. Sitting this way requires \n"; html +=" acclimatization, but provides both a stable base and \n"; html +=" greater ease of movement than sitting cross-legged. It \n"; html +=" is used for the formal opening and closing of the class. \n"; html +="
Kneeling bow	ZA-REI	The traditional Japanese bow from the kneeling position.
Knife-hand Block	SHUTO UKE
Knife hand	SHUTO
knowledgeable person	KYOSHI	Any rank below Shodan.
L-shape stace	REINOJI DACHI	A stance with feet making a L shape
Learning by imitating	MANABU	A method of studying movement and techniques by \n"; html +=" following and imitating the instructor.
Left	HIDARI
Leg and foot techniques	ASHI WAZA
Leg block	NAMI-ASHI
Leg block	NAMI-GAESHI	Returning Wave. Foot technique found in Nahanshi\n"; html +=" Shodan to block an attack to the groin area. The \n"; html +=" technique can also be used to strike the opponent's \n"; html +=" inner thigh or knee.
Lunge Punch	OI-ZUKI
Lower Rank	KYU
Lower section	GEDAN
Martial way	BUDO
Master	HANSHI	An honorary title given to the highest Black Belt of \n"; html +=" an organization, signifying their understanding of their art.
Master Instructor	SHIHAN	A formal title meaning, approximately, A "teacher of \n"; html +=" teachers." Hanshi is "wise" or sage-like, hence the \n"; html +=" common translation of "master." Shinan may be an \n"; html +=" alternative pronunciation.
Match or a contest	SHIAI
Meditation	MOKUSO	Practice often begins or ends with a brief period of \n"; html +=" meditation. The purpose of meditation is to clear one's \n"; html +=" mind and to develop cognitive equanimity. Perhaps more \n"; html +=" importantly, meditation is an opportunity to become \n"; html +=" aware of conditioned patterns of thought and behavior so\n"; html +=" that such patterns can be modified, eliminated or more \n"; html +=" efficiently put to use
Mountain Punch	YAMA ZUKI	A wide U-shaped dual punch.
Middle Finger Knuckle fist	NAKADAKA IPPON KEN
Mind	KI	can also be Spirit, Energy. Vital-force, Intention. \n"; html +=" (Chinese "chi") The definitions presented here are very \n"; html +=" general. KI is one word that cannot be translated \n"; html +=" directly into any language.
Natural Position	SHIZENTAI	The body remains relaxed but alert.
No Mind	MUSHIN	The state of being that All is freedom and \n"; html +=" flexibility to react and adapt to a given situation. \n"; html +=" Also Beginners Mind
Not enough power	FUJUBUN
Not proper timing	TAIMING GA OSOI
One Knuckle Fist	IPPON KEN
One Leg Stance	SAGI ASHI DACHI or\n"; html +=" GANKAKU DACHI or\n"; html +=" TSURU ASHI DACHI
Open hand techniques	KAISHO	This refers to the type of blow which is delivered \n"; html +=" with the open palm. It can also be used to describe \n"; html +=" other hand blows in which the fist is not fully \n"; html +=" clenched.
Outside (Forearm) Block	SOTO (UDE) UKE
Parallel Punch	HEIKO ZUKI	A double, simultaneous punch
Palm Heel Strike	TEISHO UCHI
Palm Heel Block	TEISHO UKE
punch	CHUDAN ZUKI	to the mid-section of the opponent's body.
punch	GEDAN ZUKI	to the lower section of the opponent's body.
punch or thrust	TSUKI	but is changed to zuki when added to a technique like Oi Zuki (front punch)
Practitioner	KARATEKA
Pressing Block	OSAE UKE
Quick Kick	MAE GARI KEAGE	Front snap kick
Rank	DAN or KYU
Ready	YOI
Ready Stance	HACHIJI DACHI	A natural stance, feet positioned about one shoulder \n"; html +=" width apart, with feet pointed slightly outward.
Rear elbow strike	USHIRO EMPI UCHI
Rear Leg Round-house Kick	GYAKU MAWASHI GERI
Rest	YASUMI	A term used by the instructor to have the students \n"; html +=" relax, normally following a long series of drills.
Retracting arm	HIKI-TE	The retracting (pulling and twisting) arm during a \n"; html +=" technique. It gives the balance of power to the forward\n"; html +=" moving technique. It can also be used as a pulling \n"; html +=" technique after a grab, or a strike backward with the \n"; html +=" elbow.
Reverse Punch	GYAKU ZUKI
resuscitating	KUATSU	The method of resuscitating a person who has lost \n"; html +=" consciousness due to strangulation or shock.
Ridge-hand Strike	HAITO UCHI
Right	MIGI
Rising Punch	AGE ZUKI or\n"; html +=" Judan Zuki
Roundhouse Kick	MAWASHI GERI
Roundhouse Punch	MAWASHI ZUKI
Scooping Block	SUKUI UKE
Second Level	NIDAN	as in Second Degree Black Belt, or second in a list \n"; html +=" of things Pignon Nidan.
Senior student.	SEMPAI
Side	YOKO
Side Snap Kick	YOKO GERI KEAGE
Side Thrust Kick	YOKO GERI KEKOMI
Single Finger poke	IPPON NUKITE	A stabbing action using the extended index finger.
shout	KIAI	A shout delivered for the purpose of focusing all of \n"; html +=" one's energy into a single movement. Even when audible \n"; html +=" KIAI are absent, one should try to preserve the feeling \n"; html +=" of KIAI at certain crucial points within Karate \n"; html +=" techniques. Manifestation of KI (simultaneous union of \n"; html +=" spirit and expression of physical strength).
Snap Kick	KEAGE	(Literally, Kick upward).
sparring	KUMITE	Kumite or sparring is a way of practicing karate \n"; html +=" techniques with a partner. There are two primary types \n"; html +=" of kumite: pre-arranged (yakusoku), and free (ju). \n"; html +="
Spear Hand	NUKITE
special training camp	GASSHUKUA
Spirit or Heart	KOKORO	In Japanese culture, the spirit dwells in the Heart.
Spirit or internal Energy	KI	Vital-force. Intention. (Chinese "chi") The \n"; html +=" definitions presented here are very general. KI is one \n"; html +=" word that cannot be translated directly into any \n"; html +=" language.
Staff	BO
Stomp kick	FUMIKOMI	usually applied to the knee, shin, or instep of an \n"; html +=" opponent.
Stop	YAME
Straight Punch	CHOKU ZUKI
Striking techniques with grappling and throwing techniques	ATEMI WAZA
Students without black-belt ranking	MUDANSHA
Sweeping Block	NAGASHI UKE
Sweeping technique with the arm	HARAI TE
Sweeping techniques	HARAI WAZA
T-shape stance	TEIJI DACHI	A Stance with the feet in a shape of a T
Teacher	SENSEI	It is usually considered proper to address the \n"; html +=" instructor during practice as "Sensei" rather than by \n"; html +=" his/her name. If the instructor is a permanent \n"; html +=" instructor for one's DOJO or for an organization, it is \n"; html +=" proper to address him/her as "Sensei" off the mat as well.
Technique(s)	WAZA
Thank you very much	DOMO ARIGATO GOZAIMASHITA	Japanese for "thank you very much." At the end of \n"; html +=" each class, it is proper to bow and thank the instructor \n"; html +=" and those with whom you've trained.
The Way of Karate	KARATE-DO	This implies not only the physical aspect of Karate, \n"; html +=" but also the mental and social aspects of Karate.
Three Step Sparring	SANBON KUMITE	Three Point match. SANBON SHOBU Used in tournaments.
Thumb Knuckle	OYAYUBI IPPON KEN
Thrust Kick	KEKOMI	( Literally, Kick Into/Straight ).
Training	KEIKO
Turn around	KAISU or\n"; html +=" MAWAT-TE	A command given by the instructor for students to \n"; html +=" turn around
Two finger stabbing attack	NIHON NUKITE
Two handed block	KAKIWAKE	A using the outer surface of the wrist to neutralize \n"; html +=" a two-handed attack, such as a grab.
Uniform	GI	(KARATE GI).
U-Punch	MOROTE ZUKI or\n"; html +=" AWASE ZUKI	Punching with both fists simultaneously.
Upward Block	AGE UKE
Upper section Middle section	CHUDAN
Upper section / level	JODAN
Upper cut	URA ZUKI	punch used at close range.
Upward Elbow Strike	TATE EMPI
Vertical Punch	TATE ZUKI	A fist punch with the palm along a vertical plane.
Wait	MATTE
Warning	CHUI
Way	DO	path
Weak Focus	YOWAI
White	SHIRO
Wrist joint strike	KAKUTO UCHI or\n"; html +=" KO UCHI
Wrist Joint Block	KAKUTO UKE or\n"; html +=" KO UKE
Wooden oar	EKKU	A Wooden oar used by the Okinawans which was \n"; html +=" improvised as a weapon.
X Block	JUJI UKE
Yes	HAI

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Class Procedures:

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Attention	KI-O-TSUKE Musubi Dachi with open hands down both sides
Attention stance	\n"; html +=" MUSUBI DACHI Stand with feet pointed slightly outward \n"; html +="
Face the front	\n"; html +=" Shomen ni \n"; html +="
Face the teachers	\n"; html +=" Sensei ni \n"; html +="
Face each other	\n"; html +=" Otaiga ni \n"; html +="
Please	\n"; html +=" Dozo \n"; html +="

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BLOCKS UKE

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Rising block	Age uke
Down block	Gedan uke
Outside forearm block	Soto ude uke
Inside forearm block	Uchi ude uke
Knife block	Shuto uke
Augmented block	Morote uke
Reverse wedge block (Pingon 4)	Kakiwaki uke
X block	Juji uke
Cross block (Uchi/gedan uke-Pingon 3)	Kosa uke
Hi/low block (Pingon 5)	Manji uke
Vertical knife-hand block (Pingon 3)	Tate shuto uke
Back-hand block (Pingon 5)	Haishu uke
Elbow block (Pingon 3)	Empi uke (or Hiji uke)
Pressing block (Pingon 2, 3)	Osae uke
Dropping or falling block (Pingon 2, 3)	Otoshi uke
Sweeping block (Nahanchi, Jion)	Nagashi Uke
Sweeping back-arm block	Haiwan Nagashi Uke
Sweeping hand block (parry) (Pingon 5)	Te Nagashi Uke
Scooping block (Potsai dai, Chinto)	Sukui Uke
Side combined block (Potsai-Dai)	Sokumen Awase Uke
Grasping block (Potsai-Dai, Jion)	Tsukami Uke
Combined rising knife-hand block (Kusanku-Dai)	Awase Shuto Age Uke
Double inside block( Jion, Potsai-Sho)	Ryowan Uchi Uke
Ox-Jaw block	Seiryuto Uke

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STRIKES UCHI

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Hammer-fist strike	Tettsui
Bear Claw Strike	Kumade Uchi
Backfist Strike	Uraken Uchi
Foreknuckle Strike	Hiraken Uchi
Palm Heel Strike	Teisho Uchi
Single Finger Strike	Ippon Nukite Uchi
Two Finger Strike (Fork)	Nihon Nukite Uchi
Spear Hand Strike	Gohon Nukite Uchi
Knife Hand Strike	Shuto Uchi
Outside Knife Hand Strike	Soto Shuto Uchi
Inside Knife Hand Strike	Uchi Shuto Uchi
Spear Hand Strike	Shihon Nukite Uchi
Reverse Backfist Strike	Gyaku Haito Uchi
Backfist Strike	Haito Uchi
Elbow Strike	Empi Uchi
Round Elbow Strike	Mawashi Empi Uchi
Front Elbow Strike	Mae Empi Uchi
Downward Elbow Strike	Otoshi Empi Uchi
Back Elbow Strike	Ushiro Empi Uchi
Side Elbow Strike	Yoko Empi Uchi
Side Roundhouse Elbow Strike	Yoko Mawashi Empi Uchi
Upward Elbow Strike	Tate Empi Uchi
Rising Knee Strike	Hiza Age Ate
Eagle Beak Strike	Washide Uchi
Tiger Mouth Strike	Koko Uchi
Back Hand Strike	Haishu Uchi

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PUNCHES TSUKI (ZUKI)

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Front	Oi tsuki
Reverse	Gyaku tsuki
Low punch	Gedan tsuki
Middle punch	Chudan tsuki
High punch	Judan tsuki
Jab	Kizami tsuki
Straight punch	Choku tsuki
Hook punch	Kagi tsuki
Lunging reverse punch	Oi-gyaku tsuki
Close punch	Ura tsuki
Parallel punch	Morote tsuki
Double punch	Ren tsuki
Triple punch	San tsuki
Rising punch	Age tsuki
Downward punch	Gedan tsuki
Wide "U" punch	Yama tsuki
"U" punch	Awase tsuki
Dropping punch	Otoshi tsuki
One-knuckle fist punch	Ippon Ken tsuki

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STANCES Dachi

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Posture (Yoi)	Kamae
Formal Attention Stance (Yoi)	Heisoku dachi
Front Stance	Zenkutsu dachi
Back Stance	Kokutsu dachi
Straddle Stance	Kiba dachi
Fighting Stance	Fudo dachi
Informal Attention Stance (feet in a 'V")	Musubi dachi
Open-legged Stance (Yoi)	Hachiji dachi
Natural Stance	Shizen-tai dachi
Cat Stance	Neko-ashi dachi
"L" Stance	Renoji dachi
Cross-legged Stance	Kosa dachi
Wide Hour-glass Stance	Hangetsu dachi
Right Leg Kneeling	Migi Ashi Orishiku
Left Leg Kneeling	Hidari Ashi Orishiku

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KICKS Geri

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Front thrust kick	Mae geri kekomi
Front snap kick	Mae geri keage
Side snap kick	Yoko geri keage
Side thrust kick	Yoko geri kekomi
Round kick	Mawashi geri
Back thrust kick	Ushiro geri
Stomping kick (Potsai dai)	Fumikomi geri
Inside crescent kick	Uchi mikazuki geri
Outside crescent kick	Soto mikazuki geri
Flying kick	Tobi geri
Returning wave kick (Nahanchi)	Name ashi geri
Knee kick/strike	Hiza geri
Double kick	Nidan geri

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PARTS of BODY

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Fist	Ken
Index-finger	Ippon Ken
Vertical Fist	Tate Ken
Hand	Te
Open hand	Kaishu
Wrist	Tekubi
Palm heel	Teisho
Forearm	Ude
Elbow	Empi
Elbow	Hiji
Leg	Ashi
Ankle	Ashikubi
Knee	Hiza
Knee	Hitsui
Back of heel	Ensho
instep of foot	Heisoku
Bottom of foot	Teisoku
Heel of foot	Kakato
Ball of foot	Koshi
Knifeedge foot	Sokuto
Toe tips	Tsumasaki
Head	Atama
Arm	Wan
Back of Arm	Naiwan
Shoulder	Kata

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NUMBERS

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1	ichi
2	ni
3	san
4	shi
5	go
6	roku
7	shichi
8	hachi
9	ku
10	ju
11	ju ich
12	ju ni
20	ni ju
24	ni ju shi
30	san ju
38	san hachi

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Katas:

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Taikyoku (shodan,Nidan, Sandan, Yodan)
\n"; html +=" Pingon (shodan,Nidan, Sandan, Yodan, Godan)
\n"; html +=" Nahanchi Shodan
\n"; html +=" Jion
\n"; html +=" Saifa
\n"; html +=" Potsai Dai
\n"; html +=" Chinto
\n"; html +=" Unsa
\n"; html +=" Empi
\n"; html +=" Sesan
\n"; html +=" Kusanku Sho
\n"; html +=" Kusanku Dai
\n"; html +=" Matsumura Shurei Potsai
\n"; html +=" Matsumura Shurei Jion
\n"; html +=" Nijushiho
\n"; html +="

Shinko Katas

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Gedan barai into oi tsuki in zenkutsu dachi
\n"; html +=" Gedan barai into age uke in zenkutsu dachi
\n"; html +=" Gedan barai into shuto in zenkutsu dachi
\n"; html +=" Mae geri from Kamae
\n"; html +=" Cross Shuto in kokutsu dachi on go yohan nikute in zenkutsu \n"; html +=" dachi
\n"; html +=" yoko geri with yoko uraken from Kamae
\n"; html +=" Soto ude uke in kokutsu dachi switch to gayaku tsuki in zenkustu \n"; html +=" dachi
\n"; html +=" 1st two man kata (gohan kumite)
\n"; html +=" Yoko gedan barai in kiba dachi with kagi tsuki
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Weapons:

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BO Staff	A long stick used as a weapon (approximately 6 feet long)
JO	Wooden staff about 4'-5' in length. The JO originated as a walking stick
TONFA	A farm tool developed into a weapon by the Okinawans
NUNCHAKU	An Okinawan weapon consisting of two sticks \n"; html +=" connected by rope or chain. This was originally used by \n"; html +=" the Okinawans as a farm tool to thrash rice straw
SAI	An Okinawan weapon that is shaped like the Greek \n"; html +=" letter 'Psi' with the middle being much longer

\n"; html +=" \n"; html +="

\n"; html +=" \n"; LoadHtml("terminology",html) } function ShowJapanese(){ html = "

Japanese Terminology

\n"; LoadHtml("quickSummary", html) html="

Here is a general list of common terms used in Martial Arts," html +=" Karate, and of course Wado Ki Kai. These terms have been defined as" html +=" they pertain to our style.

\n"; html+="

\n"; LoadHtml("preamble",html) //LoadHtml("button",html) html ="

Counting in Japanese

\n"; html +="

Ichi - Japanese for the number '1'
Ni - Japanese for the number '2'
San - Japanese for the number '3'
Shi - Japanese for the number '4'
Go - Japanese for the number '5'
Roku - Japanese for the number '6'
Shichi - Japanese for the number '7'
Hachi - Japanese for the number '8'
Ku - Japanese for the number '9'
Ju - Japanese for the number '10'

\n"; LoadHtml("explanation",html) html ="

Words in Japanese

\n"; html +="

A | B\n"; html +="\n"; html +="| C | D\n"; html +="| E | F\n"; html +="| G | H\n"; html +="\n"; html +="| J | K\n"; html +="| M | N\n"; html +="| O | R\n"; html +="\n"; html +="| S | T\n"; html +="| U | W\n"; html +="| Y | Z

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

AGE\n"; html +="UKE Upward Block.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

AGE ZUKI Rising\n"; html +="Punch.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

AIUCHI\n"; html +="\"Simultaneous Scoring Technique.\" No point awarded to either\n"; html +="contestant. Referee brings fists together in front of the chest.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

AKA Red

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

AKA (SHIRO) NO KACHI\n"; html +="\"Red (White) Wins!\" The Referee obliquely raises his arm on the side of\n"; html +="the winner.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

AKA (SHIRO) IPPON\n"; html +="\"Red (White) Scores Ippon.\" The Referee obliquely raises his arm on the\n"; html +="side of the winner (as in ...NO KACHI).

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

ASHI BARAI Foot\n"; html +="Sweep.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

ASHI WAZA Name\n"; html +="given to all leg and foot techniques..

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

ATEMI WAZA\n"; html +="Striking techniques that are normally used in conjunction with\n"; html +="grappling and throwing techniques.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

ATENAI YONI\n"; html +="\"Warning without penalty.\" This may be imposed for attended minor\n"; html +="infractions or for the first instance of a minor infraction. The\n"; html +="Referee raises one hand in a fist with the other hand covering it at\n"; html +="chest level and shows it to the offender.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

ATOSHI BARAKU\n"; html +="\n"; html +="\"A little more time left.\" An audible signal will be given by the time\n"; html +="keeper 30 seconds before the actual end of the bout.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

ATTATE IRU\n"; html +="\"Contact\"

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

AWASE UKE\n"; html +="Joined Hand Block.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

AWASE ZUKI U\n"; html +="Punch. Also referred to as MOROTE ZUKI.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

AYUMI DACHI A\n"; html +="stance found in ITOSU-KAI SHITO-RYU. It is a natural \"Walking\" stance\n"; html +="with the weight over the center.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

BO\n"; html +="Staff. A long stick used as a weapon (approximately 6 feet long).

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

BOGYO ROKU KYODO\n"; html +="Six Defense Actions. A basic drill of the Japan Karate-Do Ryobu-Kai.\n"; html +="Uses the old names of techniques such as AGE TE, HARAI TE (or GEDAN\n"; html +="BARAI), SOTO YOKO TE, UCHI YOKO TE, SHUTO TE, and SUKUI TE.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

BUDO Martial\n"; html +="way. The Japanese character for \"BU\" (martial) is derived from\n"; html +="characters meaning \"stop\" and (a weapon like a) \"halberd.\" In\n"; html +="conjunction, then, \"BU\" may have the connotation \"to stop the halberd.\"\n"; html +="In Karate, there is an assumption that the best way to prevent violent\n"; html +="conflict is to emphasize the cultivation of individual character. The\n"; html +="way (DO) of Karate is thus equivalent to the way of BU, taken in this\n"; html +="sense of preventing or avoiding violence so far as possible.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

BUNKAI A study\n"; html +="of the techniques and applications in KATA.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

CHOKU\n"; html +="ZUKI Straight Punch.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

CHUDAN\n"; html +="Mid-section. During the practice of KIHON IPPON KUMITE (one step basic\n"; html +="sparring), the attacker will normally announce where he/she will attack\n"; html +="JODAN, CHUDAN, or GEDAN (Upper level, Mid-level, or lower level).

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

CHUDAN ZUKI A\n"; html +="punch to the mid-section of the opponent's body.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

CHUI \"Warning\"

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

DANI\n"; html +="Lever, Rank or Degree. Black Belt rank. Ranks under Black Belt are\n"; html +="called KYU ranks.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

DO Way/path.\n"; html +="The Japanese character for \"DO\" is the same as the Chinese character\n"; html +="for Tao (as in \"Taoism\"). In Karate, the connotation is that of a way\n"; html +="of attaining enlightenment or a way of improving one's character\n"; html +="through traditional training.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

DOJO Literally\n"; html +="\"place of the Way.\" Also \"place of enlightenment.\" The place where we\n"; html +="practice Karate. Traditional etiquette prescribes bowing in the\n"; html +="direction of the designated front of the dojo (SHOMEN) whenever\n"; html +="entering or leaving the dojo.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

DOMO ARIGATO GOZAIMASHITA\n"; html +="\n"; html +="Japanese for \"thank you very much.\" At the end of each class, it is\n"; html +="proper to bow and thank the instructor and those with whom you've\n"; html +="trained.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

EKKU\n"; html +="A Wooden oar used by the Okinawans which was improvised as a weapon.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

EMBUSEN Floor\n"; html +="pattern of a given kata.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

EMPI (1) One\n"; html +="the Black Belt level KATA, translated as \"The Flight of a Sparrow\". (2)\n"; html +="Elbow. Sometimes referred to as HIJI.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

EMPI UCHI elbow\n"; html +="strike (also called HIJI-ATE)

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

ENCHO-SEN\n"; html +="\"Extension.\" After a draw, the match goes into overtime. Referee\n"; html +="reopens match with command \"SHOBU HAJIME.\"

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

FUDO\n"; html +="DACHI Immovable Stance. Also referred to as SOCHIN DACHI.\n"; html +="FUJUBUN \"Not enough power\"

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

FUKUSHIN SHUGO\n"; html +="\n"; html +="\"Judges Conference\"

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

FUMIKOMI Stomp\n"; html +="kick, usually applied to the knee, shin, or instep of an opponent.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

GANKAKU\n"; html +="DACHI Crane Stance, sometimes referred to as TSURU ASHI\n"; html +="DACHI and SAGI ASHI DACHI.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

GASSHUKUA special training camp.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

GEDAN Lower\n"; html +="section. During the practice of KIHON IPPON KUMITE (one step basic\n"; html +="sparring), the attacker will normally announce where he/she will attack\n"; html +="JODAN, CHUDAN, or GEDAN (Upper level, Mid-level, or lower level).

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

GEDAN BARAI\n"; html +="Downward Block. Gedan-barai, performed by Sensei Harada GEDAN UDE UKE\n"; html +="Low Forearm Block.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

GEDAN ZUKI A\n"; html +="punch to the lower section of the opponent's body.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

GI (DO GI) (KEIKO GI)\n"; html +="(KARATE GI) Training costume. In JKO and in most other\n"; html +="traditional Japanese and Okinawan Karate Dojo, the GI must be white and\n"; html +="cotton (Synthetics with Cotton allowed).

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

GO NO SEN The\n"; html +="tactic where one allows the opponent to attack first so to open up\n"; html +="targets for counterattack.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

GOHON KUMITE\n"; html +="Five step basic sparring. The attacker steps in five consecutive times\n"; html +="with a striking technique with each step. The defender steps back five\n"; html +="times, blocking each technique. After the fifth block, the defender\n"; html +="executes a counter-strike.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

GYAKU MAWASHI GERI\n"; html +="Reverse Round-house Kick.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

GYAKU ZUKI\n"; html +="Reverse Punch.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

HACHIJI\n"; html +="DACHI A natural stance, feet positioned about one shoulder\n"; html +="width apart, with feet pointed slightly outward.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

HAI \"Yes\".

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

HAISHU UCHI A\n"; html +="strike with the back of the hand.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

HAISHU UKE A\n"; html +="block using the back of the hand.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

HAITO UCHI\n"; html +="\n"; html +="Ridge-hand Strike.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

HAJIME \"Begin\".\n"; html +="A command given to start a given drill, Kata, or Kumite.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

HANGETSU A\n"; html +="Black Belt level Kata.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

HANGETSU DACHI\n"; html +="\"Half-Moon\" Stance.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

HANSHI\n"; html +="\"Master.\" An honorary title given to the highest Black Belt of an\n"; html +="organization, signifying their understanding of their art. In Japan\n"; html +="Karate-Do Ryobu-Kai, the Hanshi is the Grandmaster of Ryobu-Kai,\n"; html +="Yasuhiro Konishi II.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

HANSOKU \"Foul.\"\n"; html +="This is imposed following a very serious infraction. It results in the\n"; html +="opponent's score being raised to SANBON. HANSOKU is also invoked when\n"; html +="the number of HANSOKU-CHUI and KEIKOKU imposed raise the opponent's\n"; html +="score to SANBON. The Referee points with his index finger tot he face\n"; html +="of the offender at a 45 degree angle and announces a victory for the\n"; html +="opponent.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

HANSOKU CHUI\n"; html +="\"Warning with an IPPON penalty. This is a penalty in which IPPON is\n"; html +="added to the opponent's score. HANSOKU-CHUI is usually imposed for\n"; html +="infractions for which a KEIKOKU has previously been given in that bout.\n"; html +="The Referee points with his index finger to the abdomen of the offender\n"; html +="of the offender parallel to the floor. HANTEI \"Judgment.\" Referee calls\n"; html +="for judgment by blowing his whistle and the Judges render their\n"; html +="decision by flag signal.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

HANTEI KACHI\n"; html +="\n"; html +="\"Winner by decision\".

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

HARAI TE\n"; html +="Sweeping technique with the arm.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

HARAI WAZA\n"; html +="Sweeping techniques.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

HASAMI ZUKI\n"; html +="Scissors Punch. (c) John Gosink

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

HEIKO DACHI A\n"; html +="natural stance. Feet positioned about one shoulder width apart, with\n"; html +="feet pointed straight forward. Some Kata begin from this position.\n"; html +="(HIGAONNA LINE) HEIKO DACHI A Heiko Dachi stance, where the front foot\n"; html +="is turned slightly inwards while the rear foot is straight. This stance\n"; html +="is found in the Shinpa kata. HEIKO ZUKI \"Parallel Punch\" (A double,\n"; html +="simultaneous punch).

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

HEISOKU DACHI\n"; html +="An informal attention stance. Feet are together and pointed straight\n"; html +="forward.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

HENKA WAZA\n"; html +="Techniques used after OYO WAZA is applied. HENKA WAZA is varied and\n"; html +="many, dependent on the given condition.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

HIDARI \"Left\".

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

HIJI \"Elbow\",\n"; html +="also known as Empi.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

HIJI-ATE elbow\n"; html +="strike (also called EMPI-UCHI) HIJI ATEMI Elbow Strikes.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

HIJI UKE A\n"; html +="blocking action using the elbow.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

HIKI-TE The\n"; html +="retracting (pulling and twisting) arm during a technique. It gives the\n"; html +="balance of power to the forward moving technique. It can also be used\n"; html +="as a pulling technique after a grab, or a strike backward with the\n"; html +="elbow.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

HIKIWAKE\n"; html +="\"Draw.\" Referee crosses arms over chest, then uncrosses and holds arms\n"; html +="out from the body with the palms showing upwards.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

HITOSASHI IPPON KEN Forefinger\n"; html +="Knuckle.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

HIZA GERI Knee\n"; html +="Kick.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

HIZA UKE A\n"; html +="blocking action using the knee.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

HOMBU DOJO A\n"; html +="term used to refer to the central dojo of an organization.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

HORAN NO KAMAE\n"; html +="\"Egg in the Nest Ready Position.\" A \"ready\" position used in some KATA\n"; html +="where the fist in covered by the other hand.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

INASU\n"; html +="evasion of an on-coming attack through the course of removing the body\n"; html +="from the line of attack.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

IPPON KEN \"One\n"; html +="Knuckle Fist\".

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

IPPON KUMITE\n"; html +="One step sparring. IPPON NUKITE A stabbing action using the extended\n"; html +="index finger.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

IPPON SHOBU One\n"; html +="point match, used in tournaments.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

IRIMI to\n"; html +="penetrate, to enter. Usually describes moving closer to the opponent\n"; html +="than the attack as you close in defense. Sensei Harada performing irimi\n"; html +="on a yoko-geri attack.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

JIKAN\n"; html +="\n"; html +="\"Time\".

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

JIYU IPPON KUMITE\n"; html +="One step free sparring. The participants can attack with any technique\n"; html +="whenever ready.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

JIYU KUMITE\n"; html +="Free Sparring.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

JO Wooden staff\n"; html +="about 4'-5' in length. The JO originated as a walking stick.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

JODAN Upper\n"; html +="level. During the practice of KIHON IPPON KUMITE (one step basic\n"; html +="sparring), the attacker will normally announce where he/she will attack\n"; html +="JODAN, CHUDAN, or GEDAN (Upper level, Mid-level, or lower level).

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

JOGAI \"Exit\n"; html +="from fighting area.\" The Referee points with his index finger at a 45\n"; html +="degree angle to the area boundary on the side of the offender.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

JOGAI KEIKOKU\n"; html +="\"Second exit from fighting area.\" WAZA-ARI penalty is given to the\n"; html +="opponent.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

JOGAI HANSOKU CHUI\n"; html +="\n"; html +="\"Fourth and Final Exit from the fighting area.\" Fourth exit from the\n"; html +="fighting area causes victory to the opponent.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

JOGAI HANSOKU CHUI\n"; html +="\"Third exit from fighting area\". Referee uses two hand signals with\n"; html +="announcement \"AKA (or SHIRO) JOGAI HANSOKU CHUI\". He first points with\n"; html +="his index finger to the match boundary on the side of the offender,\n"; html +="then to the offender's abdomen. An IPPON is awarded to the opponent.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

JUJI UKE X\n"; html +="Block.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

JUN ZUKI The\n"; html +="WADO RYU term for OI-ZUKI.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

KACHI\n"; html +="Victorious. (e.g., AKA KACHI) in a tournament.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

KAGI ZUKI Hook\n"; html +="Punch.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

KAISHO Open\n"; html +="hand. This refers to the type of blow which is delivered with the open\n"; html +="palm. It can also be used to describe other hand blows in which the\n"; html +="fist is not fully clenched.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

KAKE-TE Hook\n"; html +="Block.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

KAKIWAKE A two\n"; html +="handed block using the outer surface of the wrist to neutralize a\n"; html +="two-handed attack, such as a grab.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

KAKUSHI WAZA\n"; html +="\"Hidden techniques.\"

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

KAKUTO UCHI\n"; html +="Wrist joint strike. Also known as \"KO UCHI.\"

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

KAKUTO UKE\n"; html +="\n"; html +="Wrist Joint Block. Also known as KO UKE.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

KAMAE A posture\n"; html +="or stance either with or without a weapon.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

KAMAE may also\n"; html +="connote proper distance (Ma-ai) with respect to one's partner. Although\n"; html +="\"KAMAE\" generally refers to a physical stance, there is an important\n"; html +="parallel in Karate between one's physical and one's psychological\n"; html +="bearing. Adopting a strong physical stance helps to promote the\n"; html +="correlative adoption of a strong psychological attitude. It is\n"; html +="important to try so far as possible to maintain a positive and strong\n"; html +="mental bearing in Karate.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

KAMAE-TE A\n"; html +="command given by the instructor for students to get into position.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

KAPPO\n"; html +="Techniques of resuscitating people who have succumbed to a shock to the\n"; html +="nervous system.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

KARATE \"Empty\n"; html +="Hand\". When Karate was first introduced to Japan, it was called\n"; html +="\"TO-DE\". The characters of TODE could be pronounced. However, the\n"; html +="meaning of TODE is Chinese Hand.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

KARATE-DO \"The\n"; html +="Way of Karate\". This implies not only the physical aspect of Karate,\n"; html +="but also the mental and social aspects of Karate.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

KARATEKA A\n"; html +="practitioner of Karate.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

KATA A \"form\"\n"; html +="or prescribed pattern of movement. (But also \"shoulder.\")

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

KEAGE Snap\n"; html +="Kick. (Literally, Kick upward).

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

KEIKO (1)\n"; html +="Training. The only secret to success in Karate. (2) Joined Fingertips.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

KEIKOKU\n"; html +="\n"; html +="\"Warning with WAZA-ARI penalty in SANBON SHOBU. This is a penalty in\n"; html +="which WAZA-ARI is added to the opponent's score. KEIKOKU is imposed for\n"; html +="minor infractions for which a warning has previously been given in that\n"; html +="bout, or for infractions not sufficiently serious enough to merit\n"; html +="HANSOKU-CHUI. Referee points with his index finger to the feet of the\n"; html +="offender at an angle of 45 degrees.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

KEKOMI Thrust\n"; html +="Kick ( Literally, Kick Into/Straight ).

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

KEMPO \"Fist\n"; html +="Law.\" A generic term to describe fighting systems that uses the fist.\n"; html +="In this regard, KARATE is also KEMPO.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

KENSEI The\n"; html +="technique with silent KIAI. Related to meditation.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

KENTSUI Hammer\n"; html +="Fist Also known as TETTSUI. KENTSUI UCHI (Or TETTSUI UCHI) Hammer Fist\n"; html +="Strike.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

KERI Kick.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

KI Mind.\n"; html +="Spirit. Energy. Vital-force. Intention. (Chinese \"chi\") The definitions\n"; html +="presented here are very general. KI is one word that cannot be\n"; html +="translated directly into any language.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

KIAI A shout\n"; html +="delivered for the purpose of focusing all of one's energy into a single\n"; html +="movement. Even when audible KIAI are absent, one should try to preserve\n"; html +="the feeling of KIAI at certain crucial points within Karate techniques.\n"; html +="Manifestation of KI (simultaneous union of spirit and expression of\n"; html +="physical strength).

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

KIBA DACHI\n"; html +="Straddle Stance. Also known as NAIFANCHI or NAIHANCHI DACHI. KIHON\n"; html +="(Something which is) fundamental. Basic techniques.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

KIKEN\n"; html +="\"Renunciation.\" The Referee points one index finger towards the\n"; html +="contestant.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

KIME Focus of\n"; html +="Power.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

KI-O-TSUKE\n"; html +="\n"; html +="\"Attention\". Musubi Dachi with open hands down both sides.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

KIZAMI ZUKI Jab\n"; html +="Punch.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

KO BO ICHI The\n"; html +="concept of \"Attack-Defense Connection\".

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

KO UCHI Wrist\n"; html +="joint strike. Also known as KAKUTO UCHI. KO UKE \"Crane Block\" or \"Arch\n"; html +="Block\". Same as KAKUTO UKE.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

KOHAI A student\n"; html +="junior to oneself.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

KOKORO \"Spirit,\n"; html +="Heart.\" In Japanese culture, the spirit dwells in the Heart.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

KUBOTAN A\n"; html +="self-defense tool developed by TAKAYUKI KUBOTA. This tool serves\n"; html +="normally as a key chain.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

KOKEN Wrist\n"; html +="Joint.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

KOKUTSU DACHI A\n"; html +="stance which has most of the weight to the back. Referred to in English\n"; html +="as Back Stance.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

KOSA DACHI\n"; html +="Crossed-Leg Stance.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

KOSHIN\n"; html +="Rearward.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

KUATSU The\n"; html +="method of resuscitating a person who has lost consciousness due to\n"; html +="strangulation or shock.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

KUMADE Bear\n"; html +="hand.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

KUMITE Kumite\n"; html +="or sparring is a way of practicing karate techniques with a partner.\n"; html +="There are two primary types of kumite: pre-arranged (yakusoku), and\n"; html +="free (ju). We focus primarily on yakusoku which is divided into four\n"; html +="classifications: basic one-step sparring, three-step sparring,\n"; html +="five-step sparring, and semi-free one-step sparring. Although our\n"; html +="school does not emphasize sport karate, sparring is an important aspect\n"; html +="of our training in the development of technique, attitude,\n"; html +="coordination, distance, and judgement.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

KYOSHI\n"; html +="\"knowledgeable person,\" and usually this title is conferred at rokudan\n"; html +="or shichidan, depending on system. I think the most common practice in\n"; html +="the large organizations is for this to be at shichidan (7th dan). KYU\n"; html +="\"Grade\". Any rank below Shodan.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

KYUSHO WAZA\n"; html +="\n"; html +="Pressure Point techniques.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

MA-AI\n"; html +="Proper distancing or timing with respect to one's partner. Since Karate\n"; html +="techniques always vary according to circumstances, it is important to\n"; html +="understand how differences in initial position affect the timing and\n"; html +="application of techniques.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

MAAI GA TOH\n"; html +="\"not proper distance\"

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

MAE Front.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

MAE EMPI\n"; html +="Forward Elbow Strike.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

MAE ASHI GERI\n"; html +="Kicking with the front leg.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

MAE GERI KEAGE\n"; html +="Front Snap Kick. Also referred to as MAE KEAGE. MAE GERI KEKOMI Front\n"; html +="Thrust Kick. Also referred to as MAE KEKOMI.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

MAE UKEMI\n"; html +="\n"; html +="forward fall/roll.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

MAKOTO A\n"; html +="feeling of absolute sincerity and total frankness, which requires a\n"; html +="pure mind, free from pressure of events.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

MANABU\n"; html +="\"Learning by imitating.\" A method of studying movement and techniques\n"; html +="by following and imitating the instructor.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

MANJI UKE A\n"; html +="Double block where one arm executes GEDAN BARAI to one side, while the\n"; html +="other arm executes JODAN UCHI UKE (or JODAN SOTO YOKO TE). MATTE\n"; html +="\"Wait\".

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

MAWASHI GERI\n"; html +="Roundhouse Kick.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

MAWASHI ZUKI\n"; html +="Roundhouse Punch.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

MAWASHI EMPI\n"; html +="UCHI Circular Elbow Strike. Also referred to as MAWASHI HIJI ATE.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

MAWASHI HIJI ATE\n"; html +="\n"; html +="Circular Elbow Strike. Also referred to as MAWASHI EMPI UCHI.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

MAWAT-TE A\n"; html +="command given by the instructor for students to turn around.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

MIENAI \"I could\n"; html +="not see.\" A call by a judge to indicate that a given technique was not\n"; html +="visible form his/her angle.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

MIGI Right.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

MIKAZUKI GERI\n"; html +="Crescent Kick.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

MOKUSO\n"; html +="Meditation. Practice often begins or ends with a brief period of\n"; html +="meditation. The purpose of meditation is to clear one's mind and to\n"; html +="develop cognitive equanimity. Perhaps more importantly, meditation is\n"; html +="an opportunity to become aware of conditioned patterns of thought and\n"; html +="behavior so that such patterns can be modified, eliminated or more\n"; html +="efficiently put to use.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

MOROTE ZUKI\n"; html +="U-Punch. Punching with both fists simultaneously. Also referred to as\n"; html +="AWASE ZUKI.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

MOROTE UKE\n"; html +="\n"; html +="Augmented Block. One arm and fist support the other arm in a block.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

MOTO NO ICHI\n"; html +="\"Original Position.\" Contestants, Referee and Judge return to their\n"; html +="respective standing lines.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

MUDANSHA\n"; html +="Students without black-belt ranking.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

MUMOBI \"Warning\n"; html +="for lack of regard for ones own safety.\" Referee points one index\n"; html +="finger in the air at a 60 degree angle on the side of the offender.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

MUMOBI KEIKOKU\n"; html +="\"Warning with WAZA=ARI penalty. Referee uses two hand signals with\n"; html +="announcement AKA (SHIRO) MUBOBI-KEIKOKU. He first points with his index\n"; html +="finger at a 60 degree angle on the side of the offender, then to the\n"; html +="offender's feet.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

MUSHIN \"No\n"; html +="Mind.\" The state of being that All is freedom and flexibility to react\n"; html +="and adapt to a given situation.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

MUSUBI DACHI An\n"; html +="attention stance with feet pointed slightly outward.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

NAGASHI\n"; html +="UKE Sweeping Block.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

NAGASU \"to flow\n"; html +="like water\". Deflection of an on-coming attack. This term describes\n"; html +="being carried by a current in a stream. So this relates to nagashi uke\n"; html +="in which you re-direct the attack as it moves closer to you, sweeping\n"; html +="is just past you.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

NAIFANCHI DACHI\n"; html +="Straddle Stance. Also referred to as NAIHANCHI DACHI and KIBA DACHI.\n"; html +="NAIHANCHI DACHI Straddle Stance. Also referred to as KIBA DACHI and\n"; html +="NAIFANCHI DACHI.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

NAKADAKA IPPON KEN\n"; html +="Middle Finger Knuckle.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

NAMI-GAESHI\n"; html +="\n"; html +="Returning Wave. Foot technique found in Tekki Shodan to block an attack\n"; html +="to the groin area. The technique can also be used to strike the\n"; html +="opponent's inner thigh or knee.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

NEKO ASHI DACHI\n"; html +="Cat Stance.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

NIHON NUKITE\n"; html +="Two finger stabbing attack.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

NIDAN Second\n"; html +="Level, as in Second Degree Black Belt.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

NIDAN GERI\n"; html +="Double Kick.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

NORU \"to ride\"\n"; html +="or \"to carry\" or \"to give a ride to\", so you ride on your opponent's\n"; html +="attacking arm or leg, etc. You may also ride his hikite to break his\n"; html +="rhythm; this is very hard to defend.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

NUKETE IRU \"Out\n"; html +="of Target\"

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

NUKITE Spear\n"; html +="Hand. NUNCHAKU An Okinawan weapon consisting of two sticks connected by\n"; html +="rope or chain. This was originally used by the Okinawans as a farm tool\n"; html +="to thrash rice straw.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

OBI\n"; html +="A belt.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

OI-ZUKI Lunge\n"; html +="Punch.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

ONEGAI SHIMASU\n"; html +="\"I welcome you to train with me,\" or literally, \"I make a request.\"\n"; html +="This is said to one's partner when initiating practice.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

OSAE UKE\n"; html +="\n"; html +="Pressing Block.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

OTOSHI EMPI UCHI\n"; html +="An elbow strike by dropping the elbow. Also referred to as Otoshi Hiji\n"; html +="Ate.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

OYAYUBI IPPON KEN\n"; html +="Thumb Knuckle.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

OYO WAZA\n"; html +="Applications interpreted from techniques in Kata, implicated according\n"; html +="to a given condition.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

REI\n"; html +="\"Respect\". A method of showing respect in Japanese culture is the Bow.\n"; html +="It is proper for the junior person bows lower than the senior person.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

REIGI\n"; html +="Etiquette. Also referred to as REISHIKI. Observance of proper etiquette\n"; html +="at all times (but especially observance of proper DOJO etiquette) is as\n"; html +="much a part of one's training as the practice of techniques.\n"; html +="Observation of etiquette indicates one's sincerity, one's willingness\n"; html +="to learn, and one's recognition of the rights and interests of others.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

REINOJI DACHI A\n"; html +="stance with feet making a 'L-shape.'

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

RENSEI Practice\n"; html +="Tournament. Competitors are critiqued on their performances.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

RENSHI \"A\n"; html +="person who has mastered oneself.\" This person is considered an expert\n"; html +="instructor. This status is prerequisite before attaining the status as\n"; html +="KYOSHI. Renshi \"has a name.\" Renshi is no longer one of the many, so to\n"; html +="speak. Renshi is usually given at yodan to rokudan, depending on the\n"; html +="system.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

SAGI\n"; html +="ASHI DACHI One Leg Stance. Also referred to as GANKAKU\n"; html +="DACHI or TSURU ASHI DACHI.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

SAI An Okinawan\n"; html +="weapon that is shaped like the Greek letter 'Psi' with the middle being\n"; html +="much longer.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

SANBON KUMITE\n"; html +="\n"; html +="Three Step Sparring.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

SANBON SHOBU\n"; html +="Three Point match. Used in tournaments.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

SANCHIN DACHI\n"; html +="Hour-glass Stance.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

SASHITE Raising\n"; html +="of the hand either to strike, grab, or block.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

SEIKEN\n"; html +="Forefist.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

SEIRYUTO Bull\n"; html +="Strike. A hand technique delivered with the base of the

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

SHUTO (Knife\n"; html +="hand).

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

SEIZA A proper\n"; html +="sitting position. Sitting on one's knees. Sitting this way requires\n"; html +="acclimatization, but provides both a stable base and greater ease of\n"; html +="movement than sitting cross-legged. It is used for the formal opening\n"; html +="and closing of the class.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

SEMPAI A senior\n"; html +="student.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

SEN NO SEN\n"; html +="Attacking at the exact moment when the opponent attacks.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

SEN SEN NO SEN\n"; html +="Attacking before the opponent attacks. Preemptive attack.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

SENSEI Teacher.\n"; html +="It is usually considered proper to address the instructor during\n"; html +="practice as \"Sensei\" rather than by his/her name. If the instructor is\n"; html +="a permanent instructor for one's DOJO or for an organization, it is\n"; html +="proper to address him/her as \"Sensei\" off the mat as well.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

SHIAI A match\n"; html +="or a contest (Event).

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

SHIDOIN\n"; html +="Formally recognized Instructor who has not yet be recognized as a\n"; html +="SENSEI. Assistant Instructor.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

SHIHAN A formal\n"; html +="title meaning, approximately, \"master instructor.\" A \"teacher of\n"; html +="teachers.\" Hanshi is \"wise\" or sage-like, hence the common translation\n"; html +="of \"master.\" Shinan may be an alternative pronunciation.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

SHIKKAKU\n"; html +="\n"; html +="\"Disqualification.\" This is a disqualification from the actual\n"; html +="tournament, competition, or match. The opponent's score is raised to\n"; html +="SANBON. In order to define the limit of SHIKKAKU, the Referee Council\n"; html +="must be consulted. SHIKKAKU may be invoked when a contestant commits an\n"; html +="act which harms the prestige and honor of Karate-Do and when other\n"; html +="actions are considered to violate the rules of the tournament. Referee\n"; html +="uses two hand signals with the announcement \"AKA (SHIRO) - SHIKKAKU.\"\n"; html +="He first points with his index to the offender's face then obliquely\n"; html +="above and behind him. The Referee will announce with the appropriate\n"; html +="gesture as previously given \"AKA (SHIRO) NO KACHI!\" SHIKO DACHI Square\n"; html +="Stance. A stance often used in Goju-Ryu and Shito-Ryu.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

SHINKO-KATA\n"; html +="These are the basic techniques which accompany each kata. They consist\n"; html +="of blocks, parries, strikes, kicks, punches, etc. which make up the\n"; html +="moves of karate. The longer a student trains, the more complex and\n"; html +="demanding the shiko-katas become.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

SHIRO White

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

SHIZENTAI\n"; html +="Natural Position. The body remains relaxed but alert. SHOBU HAJIME\n"; html +="\"Start the Extended Bout.\"

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

SHOBU SANBON HAJIME\n"; html +="\"Start the Bout\"

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

SHOMEN Front or\n"; html +="top of head. Also the designated front of a Dojo.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

SHUGO \"Judges\n"; html +="Called.\" The Referee beckons with his arms to the Judges.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

SHUTO TE Same\n"; html +="as SHUTO UKE. This name was used before the advent of sport karate.\n"; html +="Used to describe one of the techniques in BOGYO ROKU KYODO. SHUTO UKE\n"; html +="Knife-hand Block.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

SOCHIN DACHI\n"; html +="Immovable Stance. Also referred to as FUDO DACHI. SOKUTO Edge of foot.\n"; html +="This term is often used to refer to the side thrust kick.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

SOTO (UDE) UKE\n"; html +="Outside (Forearm) Block.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

SOTO YOKO TE\n"; html +="Same as UCHI UDE UKE. This name was used before the advent of sport\n"; html +="karate. Used to describe one of the techniques in BOGYO ROKU KYODO.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

SUKUI TE Same\n"; html +="as SUKUI UKE. This name was used before the advent of sport karate.\n"; html +="Used to describe one of the techniques in BOGYO ROKU KYODO.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

SUKUI UKE\n"; html +="Scooping Block.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

SUWARI WAZA\n"; html +="Techniques from a sitting position.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

TAIMING\n"; html +="GA OSOI \"Not proper timing\"

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

TAI SABAKI Body\n"; html +="movement/shifting.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

TATE EMPI\n"; html +="Upward Elbow Strike.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

TATE ZUKI\n"; html +="Vertical Punch. A fist punch with the palm along a vertical plane.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

TATE URAKEN UCHI\n"; html +="Vertical back-fist attack.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

TEIJI DACHI A\n"; html +="Stance with the feet in a 'T-shape.'

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

TEISHO UCHI\n"; html +="Palm Heel Strike.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

TEISHO UKE Palm\n"; html +="Heel Block.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

TETTSUI UCHI\n"; html +="Hammer Strike. Also called KENTSUI.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

TOBI GERI Jump\n"; html +="Kick.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

TONFA A farm\n"; html +="tool developed into a weapon by the Okinawans.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

TORANAI \"No\n"; html +="Point\"

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

TORIMASEN\n"; html +="\"Unacceptable as scoring techniques.\" As HIKIWAKE, but culminating with\n"; html +="the palms facing downwards towards body.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

TSUKAMI WAZA\n"; html +="\n"; html +="Catching technique. A blocking technique by seizing the opponent's\n"; html +="weapon, arm, or leg. Used often for grappling techniques.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

TSUKI A punch\n"; html +="or thrust (esp. an attack to the midsection).

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

TSURU ASHI DACHI\n"; html +="Crane Stance, also referred to as GANKAKU DACHI and SAGI ASHI DACHI.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

TSUZUKETE\n"; html +="\"Fight On!\" Resumption of fighting ordered when unauthorized\n"; html +="interruption occurs.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

TSUZUKETE HAJIME\n"; html +="\"Resume Fighting - Begin!\" Referee standing upon his line, steps back\n"; html +="into ZENKUTSU DACHI and brings the palms of this hands toward each\n"; html +="other.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

TUITE Grappling\n"; html +="skills.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

UCHI\n"; html +="DESHI A live-in student. A student who lives in a dojo and\n"; html +="devotes him/herself both to training and to the maintenance of the dojo\n"; html +="(and sometimes to personal service to the SENSEI of the dojo).

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

UCHI MAWASHI GERI\n"; html +="\n"; html +="Inside Roundhouse Kick.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

UCHI (UDE) UKE\n"; html +="Inside (Forearm) Block.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

UCHI YOKO TE\n"; html +="Same as SOTO UDE UKE. This name was used before the advent of sport\n"; html +="karate. Used to describe one of the techniques in BOGYO ROKU KYODO.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

UKE Block.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

UKEMI WAZA\n"; html +="Breakfall techniques.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

URA ZUKI An\n"; html +="upper cut punch used at close range.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

URAKEN Back\n"; html +="Knuckle.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

USHIRO EMPI UCHI\n"; html +="\n"; html +="Striking to the rear with the elbow.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

USHIRO GERI\n"; html +="Back Kick.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

WA-UKE\n"; html +="A block where the path taken is similar to the yoko-uke. Imagine wiping\n"; html +="a wall in front of you with your palm in a half-circle. At the end of\n"; html +="the block the hand is angled slightly to the outside. This block occurs\n"; html +="in the Shinpa kata.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

WAZA\n"; html +="Technique(s).

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

WAZA ARI \"Half\n"; html +="point\"

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

YAMA\n"; html +="ZUKI Mountain Punch. A wide U-shaped dual punch.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

YAME Stop!

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

YASUMI Rest. A\n"; html +="term used by the instructor to have the students relax, normally\n"; html +="following a long series of drills.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

YOI Ready.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

YOKO Side.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

YOKO GERI KEAGE\n"; html +="Side Snap Kick. Also referred to as YOKO KEAGE.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

YOKO GERI KEKOMI\n"; html +="\n"; html +="Side Thrust Kick. Also referred to as YOKO KEKOMI.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

YOKO MAWASHI EMPI UCHI\n"; html +="Striking with the elbow to the side.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

YOKO TOBI GERI\n"; html +="Flying Side Kick.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

YOWAI \"Weak\n"; html +="Focus\"

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

YUDANSHA Black\n"; html +="belt holder (any rank).

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

ZANSHIN\n"; html +="Lit. \"remaining mind/heart.\" Even after a Karate technique has been\n"; html +="completed, one should remain in a balanced and aware state. ZANSHIN\n"; html +="thus connotes \"following through\" in a technique, as well as\n"; html +="preservation of one's awareness so that one is prepared to respond to\n"; html +="additional attacks.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

ZA-REI The\n"; html +="traditional Japanese bow from the kneeling position.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

ZENKUTSU DACHI\n"; html +="\n"; html +="Forward Stance.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

ZENSHIN\n"; html +="Forward.

\n"; html +="\n"; html +="

ZORI Japanese\n"; html +="slippers.

\n"; LoadHtml("terminology",html) }